虚拟语气从入门到高级 ( Subjunctive )
虚拟语气从入门到高级 ( Subjunctive )
sparkle520虚拟语气
句子当中的谓语动词能 准确 地反映出时间的变化，而虚拟语气则通过谓语动词 时态前移 给人一种 虚假 的感觉，通常由 if 引导 用于 条件状语从句 中.
时态前移
将时态向前移动.
一般现在 ( do，does ) -> 一般过去 ( did )
一般过去 ( did ) -> 过去完成 ( had done )
一般将来 ( will do ) -> 过去将来 ( would do ) -> 过去将来完成 ( would have done )
现在完成 ( have / has done ) -> 过去完成 ( had done )
| 虚拟 | 从句动词 | 主句动词 |
|---|---|---|
| 对现在 | did / were | should / might / could / would + do |
| 对将来 | did / were should do were to do |
would do |
| 对过去 | had done | would have done |
无论第一第三人称都用 were.
一定要区分 主句 和 从句.
为了简化文章，主句颜色 云山蓝 从句颜色 金莲花橙.
错综条件句
主句从句分开看，分别判断.
If you had followed my advice, you would do it better now.
从句 为 对过去 的 虚拟，主句 则为 对现在 的 虚拟.
要是你过去听了我的建议，你现在会变得更好. 实际上没听建议，现在也没有变得更好. 故从句和主句分别对过去和现在虚拟.
If I were you, I wouldn't have missed the film last night.
从句 为 对现在 的 虚拟，主句 则为 对过去 的 虚拟.
我要是你，我昨晚就不会错过电影. 实际上我不是你，我也错过了电影. 故从句和主句分别对现在和过去虚拟.
If you had taken your medicine yesterday, you would be quite all right now.
从句 为 对过去 的 虚拟，主句 则为 对现在 的 虚拟.
昨天你要是带了药，你现在就一点毛病没有. 实际上你没带药，你也是真犯点毛病. 故从句和主句分别对过去和现在虚拟.
I would have come to your party, but I was too busy last night.
此句为并列句，并列连词 but.
but 前 为 对过去 的 虚拟，but 后 则为 真实.
I was too busy last night 为真实的情况， 实际上我昨晚很忙. I would have come to your party 为虚拟的情况，实际上我没参加你的派对.
该句子也可改为 主句从句 的情况 : I would have come to your party, if I hadn't been too busy last night.
虚拟条件句的 省略 + 倒装
原 : If she were older, she would do it.
省略 : Were she older, she would do it.
原 : If he should come, tell him to ring me up.
省略 : Should he come, tell him to ring me up.
If he should come = If he were to come
该句为错综条件句，前半部分为对将来虚拟，后半部分为真实.
原 : If we had taken the taxi, we wouldn't have been late for the meeting.
省略 : Had we taken the taxi, we wouldn't have been late for the meeting.
含蓄条件句
不太明显的表达 if.
Without air, there would be no living things.
But for your help, we wouldn't have finished the task on time.
We could not have stayed together for a single minute, but for a phone call.
I was too busy last night, otherwise I would have come to your party.
注意，前半部分为真实的情况，后半部分为虚拟的主句.
You were driving too carelessly, otherwise you wouldn't be in hospital now.
注意，前半部分为真实的情况，后半部分为虚拟的主句.
if 相关
If only I had met you earlier, we would be together now.
She talks as if I had loved her.
名词性从句相关
宾语从句
I wish I had known you earlier.
I would rather I had never seen you.
How can you sleep until noon every day? It is high time you worried about your future.
一 坚持 : insist ...
二 命令 : order，command ...
三 建议 : advise，suggest，proprose ...
四 要求 : demand，require，request，ask ...
She insisted that I should eat the double
cheeseburger.
注意此处 should 被省略.
引导词 that 一般不省略. ( 尤其是当已经省略 should 时 )
当从句指一种 非既定事实 的情况，要用 虚拟语气.
She insisted that I was her handsome boyfriend.
此从句是 既定事实，所以未使用虚拟语气.
此句子的意思好像是她坚持认为我是他的帅男友. 她认为这是真的.
主语从句
It's vital that your children should learn computer
science.
it 形式主语.
should 一般都会被省略.
表语从句
The vital is that your children should learn computer
science.
同位语从句
They told us their idea that they should go home.
虚拟语气习题
1.If Mr. Dewey _____ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.
A. were B. had been C. should be D. was
2.We would rather our daughter _____ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.
A. would stay B. has stayed C. stayed D. stay
3.They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _____ to our help.
A. would have come B. could come C. have come D. had come
4.It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _____ it?
A. had done B. have done C. did D.am doing
5.My mom suggests that we _____ eat out for a change this weekend.
A. should B. might C. could D.would
6.-It rained cats and dogs this morning. I'm glad we took an umbrella. -Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we _____.
A. hadn't B. haven't c. didn't D. don't
7.-Do you think George has passed the driving test? -No. If so, he _____ his car to our college yesterday.
A. would drive B. drove C. would have driven D. had driven
8._____ more careful, his ship would not have sunk.
A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been C. Should the captain be D.If the captain would have been
9._____ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.
A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for
10.Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again.I certainly wish he _____ me how.
A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teach
11.I would have told him the answer had it been possible, but I _____ so busy then.
A. had been B. were C. was D. would be
答案会在 10 / 30 号 更新.
