定语从句从入门到高级 ( Attributive Clause )
定语从句从入门到高级 ( Attributive Clause )
sparkle520限制性关系从句 ( defining relative clause )
在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做 定语从句.
被定语从句所修饰的词叫 先行词.
引导定语从句的词叫 关系词.
关系词包括 关系代词 和 关系副词.
一个简单的例子.
I fell in love with someone who is considerate.
先行词 someone
关系词 who 在句子中做成分替代先行词 本句中做了主语成分.
做题步骤
- 划出先行词
- 将先行词带入从句，看作何成分得出关系词
做 主宾表 - 选关系代词 [ that ( 人 / 物 )，which ( 物 )，who ( 人 )，whom，as ] ( 无 what )
做 状语 - 选关系副词 [ when，where，why，介词 + which ] ( 无 how )
做 定语 - 选关系形容词 [ whose = of whom / which ]
1.I have an apple _____ is green.
2.I know a man _____ is a doctor.
3.This is the place _____ we visited last time.
4.I know the man _____ you just talked with.
5.He is still the boy _____ he was ten years ago.
6.Chengdu is no longer the city _____ it used to be.
关系词三大技巧
缺宾语
1.vt 2.介 3.vt2 + IO ( DO 直接宾语 IO 间接宾语 )
This is the reason that / which she told me.
被动即完成 ( 间宾除外 )
This is the place where the party was held.
This is the reason that / which I was told.
关系代词在从句中做宾语可省略
以第三题为例， This is the place we visited last time. 也是正确的.
不可省略情况
- 介 + whom / 介 + which，whom / which 不能省略
Do you know any shops nearby in which I can buy flowers?
That is the headmaster with whom my father was talking just now.
当介词放在动词后时，which，whom 就可以省略.
Who is the man ( whom ) you talked with just now?
- 在非限制性关系从句中，作宾语的关系代词也不能省略
Mr. Green, whom you know, is the tallest in our school.
The elephant is like a spear,as anybody can see.
- 在 the same...as，such...as，as...as，the same...that 中，as，that 即使作宾语，也不能省略
I have bought the same bicycle as you have ( bought ). ( 指同类用 as )
This is the same book that I read the day before yesterday. ( that指同一个 )
- 由 and，but，or... 连词连接两个 或 两个以上的定语从句修饰一个先行词时，第一个关系代词可省，但第二，第三个不可省略
This is the book ( which ) I read yesterday and which I find very interesting.
关系副词
7.This is the place _____ we visited last time.
8.This is the place _____ we visited the equipment last time.
9.I still remember the time _____ we first met each other.
10.I still remember the time _____ we spent together.
11.This is the reason _____ she cried.
12.This is the reason _____ she gave me.
关系副词 ≤ 介词 + which
13.Is this the house _____ Shakespeare was born?
A. at where B.which C. in which D. at which
被动即完整排除关系代词 B 选项
无 at where 搭配 排除 A 选项
虽然born 作为不及物动词不能直接跟宾语，但可用介词连接如 born + 介 + the house. 此时介词用 in，用 which 指代 the house，故有 in which 选项成立，故选 C.
14.This is the place _____ we visited the equipment last time.
15.I still remember the time _____ we first met each other.
16.This is the reason _____ she cried.
17.He was educated at the local high school, _____ he went on to Beijing University.
A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that
18.Villagers here depend on the fishing industry, _____ there won't be much work.
关系形容词 Whose = of which / whom
定语从句
主从句完整
从句中有名词属于先行词
从句名词前有 the ( 限定词 ) 用 of 结构 ( 后定 ); 无 the，用 whose ( 前定 )
- 从句名词为不定代词或数词，只用of结构
I like girls whose hair is black and long.
I like girls of whom the hair is black and long.
I like girls the hair of whom is black and long.
I like books whose covers are shiny.
I like books of which the covers are shiny.
I like books the covers of which are shiny.
