英语语法 - 倒装从入门到高级 ( inversion )

倒装

在英语语法中，倒装分为完全倒装和部分倒装.

完全倒装

完全倒装就是将全部谓语完整地放到主语前的一种语法结构.

1. 将 表语 和 地点状语 ( 多为介词短语 ) 置于句首 加以强调时，其后通常用倒装语序

例 Among them was my son Paul.

例 Around the lake are some tall trees.

⪡ 注 ⪢

在表语置于句首的倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致.

2. 以 here，there，now，then，out，in，up，down，off，away... 方向性副词 或 时间副词 开头的句子，且句子 主语 是 名词 时，句子用完全倒装

例 Here comes the bus.

例 Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.

⪡ 注 ⪢

若 主语 为 代词，不用倒装.

3. There be ( 的各种形式 ) + 主语 ( + 地点或时间状语 )

例 There was a drop in the temperature.

部分倒装

一般疑问句就是部分倒装的一种形式. 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如 助动词 或 情态动词 放到 主语之前，如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需要添加助动词 do /does / did，并将其置于主语之前.

1. 否定词放在句首时用倒装

例 I have never seen such a moving film before.

倒装 Never have I seen such a moving film before.

例 This solution will by no means satisfy everyone.

倒装 By no means will This solution satisfy everyone.

例 He not only speaks English fluently but also speaks it correctly.

倒装 Not only does He speak English fluently everyone but also speaks it correctly.

⪡ 注 ⪢

but also 后面不用倒装.

2. so...that... 或 such...that... 句型中，把 so 或 such 引导的部分置于句首时用倒装

例 He has such an interesting book that we all want to read it.

倒装 Such an interesting book does he have that we all want to read it.

⪡ 注 ⪢

这里 have 为实义动词而不是助动词.

例 The weather was so cold that we had to stay at home.

倒装 So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.

例 I found it so difficult to work out the problem that I decided to ask Dayan for advice.

倒装 So difficult did I find it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Dayan for advice.

3. so ( 表肯定 )，nor / neither ( 表否定 ) 位于句首，表明承前句子的肯定或否定时用倒装

例 My son likes eating vegetables. I like eating vegetables, too.

倒装 My son likes eating vegetables, and so do I like eating vegetable.

例 Tiechui came late last night. I came late too.

倒装 Tiechui came late last night, and so did I.

例 If you go, I will go, too.

倒装 If you go, so will I go.

⪡ 注 ⪢

这里不能加 and，从句和主句不能加 and.

4. only + 状语 位于句首时用倒装

例 You can succeed only by working hard.

倒装 Only by working hard can you succeed.

5. as 引导让步状语从句的倒装

基本结构 : 形容词 / 副词 / 分词 / 名词 ( 前面不能加冠词 ) + as + 状语从句

5.1 形容词放句首的倒装

例 Ugly as I look, I am tender.

例 Simple as the drawing seems, the meaning behind it is far-reaching.

5.2 副词放句首的倒装

例 Happily as we stay together, I would not like to see him again.

例 Hard as we tried, we can't put up that tent.

5.3 名词放句首的倒装

例 Child as he is, he knows many social skills.

例 Old man as he is, I cannot forgive his bad behavior.

⪡ 注 ⪢

一定不要加冠词.

省略 if 的虚拟语气用倒装

例 If I were you, I would never give her up.

倒装 Were I you, I would never give her up.

no sooner... than... 用倒装

当 no sonner 句首时，用倒装.

例 No sooner had I found out who broke the window than she was arrested for drug-related offences.