英语语法错误 - 悬垂修饰语 ( Dangling Modifier )

sparkle5202025-03-022025-03-02

悬垂修饰语 ( Dangling Modifier ) 是英语语法中常见的错误，指 修饰语 ( 如分词、动名词、不定式或介词短语 ) 在句子中 没有明确修饰的对象，导致逻辑混乱或歧义. 这种错误通常是因为修饰语与主句的主语不匹配，或主句缺少被修饰的主语.

分词短语悬垂
错误 Running to catch the bus, the backpack fell off.
( "跑向公交车"的逻辑主语应该是人，但主句主语是"背包"，导致逻辑矛盾. )
修正 Running to catch the bus, I dropped my backpack.
动名词短语悬垂
错误 After finishing the homework, the TV was turned on.
( "完成作业"的主语应是"人"，但主句主语是"电视". )
修正 After finishing the homework, I turned on the TV.
不定式短语悬垂
错误 To win the race, training is essential.
( "赢比赛"的主语应是"运动员"，但主句主语是"训练". )
修正 To win the race, athletes need to train hard.
介词短语悬垂
错误 At the age of five, my parents bought me a bike.
( "五岁时"应修饰"我"，但主句主语是"父母". )
修正 When I was five, my parents bought me a bike.

调整主句主语：让主句的主语与修饰语的逻辑主语一致.
- 错误While reading a book, the cat jumped onto my lap.
- 修正While I was reading a book, the cat jumped onto my lap.
改写修饰语结构：将修饰语改为从句或其他明确结构.
- 错误After eating dinner, the dishes were washed.
- 修正After we ate dinner, we washed the dishes.
补充缺失的主语：直接在修饰语中添加逻辑主语.
- 错误To fix the car, the tools were missing.
- 修正To fix the car, I realized the tools were missing.